KTT Discuss Climate Change

At 7 to 18 December 2009, will be held the annual conference of the Parties to the Framework Convention on Climate Change (Conference of Parties The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change / UNFCCC COP) or the Climate Change Summit.

Annual conference of the 15 time it was held since the conference that begins at the Earth Summit in Rio De Jeneiro in 1992.

The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC or FCCC) is an international treaty on the environment that produced the Earth Summit in Rio De Jeneiro in June 1992. UNFCCC was established with the aim to mestabilkan house gas concentrations in the atmosphere akca at a level that would prevent dangerous human life because of the influence of the climate system.

UNFCCC set the limitation of greenhouse gas emissions individually and without the state law enforcement mechanisms, therefore, this agreement is not binding on the basis of consensus.

UNFCCC out the principles of emissions limitation obligations that are named Kyoto Protocol.

The Kyoto Protocol itself was opened for signature on May 9, 1992 after negotiations between the Government of the Committee to produce the Framework Convention text as a report from a meeting in New York on April 30 to May 9, 1992. And until October 2009, 192 countries have ratified it.

One task is to publish an inventory of greenhouse gases each country for the emission and removal of the basic reference Grk Grk levels in 1990 as an addition to Annex-1 countries of the Kyoto Protocol and the commitment of these countries to reduce the Grk.

UNFCCC Secretariat is located in Haus Carstanjen, Bonn, Germany to head the secretariat since 2006 are held by Yvo de Boer. UNFCCC Secretariat together with the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change / IPCC), trying to gain consensus through meetings and discussions neighbor various strategic matters.

The parties of the convention's annual meetings from 1995 to assess progress in dealing with climate change. In 1997, successfully concluded the Kyoto Protocol obligations and to issue legally binding for the developed countries reduce their emissions Grk.

The parties to the UNFCCC are split into three countries namely Annex-I countries and industrial countries, the countries Annex-II and developing country-specific.

State-Annex-I countries that have ratified the Kyoto Protocol commit to reduce emission levels below the target Grk with Grk emission levels in 1990. Pelaksanannya can be extended with the permitted emission embli or exchange mreka Grk emission levels through the mechanism agreed by all parties to the UNFCCC.

Annex-II is a sub group of Annex-I countries consisting of members of the OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development), including countries that economic conditions are in transition in 1992.

While developing countries are not obliged to reduce levels of emissions unless Annex-I countries support the funding and technology, but developing countries could be included in Annex-I countries on a voluntary basis if the conditions are already developed country.

Grk emission reduction obligations were governed by three goals is to avoid restrictions on growth because emissions are closely related to the industrial capacity of individual countries, Annex-I countries can sell emissions credits to countries that have operators to Grk emissions for countries that are difficult to meet reduction targets Grk emissions and developing countries could obtain funding and technology transfer to low-carbon investment.

Some of the members of the UNFCCC parties argued that the separation between Annex I and non-Annex-I tidka fair, and each country must reduce simultaneously emissions levels Grk.

Some countries also claim that the implementation of emission reduction targets will Grk country's pressing economic growth, and even U.S. President George W Bush has asked the U.S. Senate has not ratified lo Kyoto Protocol.

There are 40 countries included in Annex I or industrialized countries namely Australia, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, Croatia, Czech, Danish, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy Japan, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Monaco, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States

While the countries of Annex-II, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Danish, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland , United Kingdom, United States of America Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland , United Kingdom, the United States.

Rio to Copenhagen
After the Earth Summit in Rio De Jeneiro, then regularly every year Climate Change Summit was held, beginning in 1995 COP 1 in Berlin, Germany,

First the UNFCCC Conference of Parties happen in the spring of 1995 in Berlin, Germany. At the conference raised concerns about the ability of the state `ability to meet commitments under the Convention set forth in the" Berlin Mandate ".

The second Climate Change Summit digela in Geneva, Switzerland in July 1996, with important results of United accepting the scientific findings on climate change from the IPCC in the second assessment (1995), and refused to uniform alignment of policies and called for legally binding mid-term targets.

In the third Climate Change Summit in Kyoto, Japan, established the Kyoto Protocol on Climate Change after intensive negotiations. Most industrialized countries and parts of Europe as an economic transition countries (Annex II countries) agreed to legally binding reductions of greenhouse gas emissions an average of 6 to 8% below 1990 levels between the years 2008-2012, which is defined as the first emissions budget period.

As for the fourth Summit on Climate Change in 1988 in Buenos Aires, Mexico with menyelesaikn agenda issues remaining in Kyoto, while the fifth Summit on Climate Change held in Bonn, Germany in November 1999.

Climate Change Summit was held in the fifth Hague, Netherlands in November 2000, while the sixth Summit on Climate Change held in Bonn, Germany in July 2001 which produced an agreement between the other flexible mechanisms for joint implementation of emissions trading and clean development mechanism (CDM).

Seventh Climate Change Summit held in Morocco in October-November 2001, with another between the decision of the operational rules of carbon trading among pihdak in the protocol.

Next Climate Change Summit was held the eighth in New Delhi, India in October-November 2002, and the ninth summit on Climate Change in Milan, Italy in December 2003, then resumed the tenth Summit of Climate Change in Buenos Aires, Argentina, 6-17 December 2004, and the summit Changes Climate eleventh in Montreal, Canada in November-December 2005.

Twelve Climate Change Summit held in Nairobi, Kenya on November 6 to 17, 2006, while the thirteenth Climate Change Summit held in Bali, Indonesia on December 3 to 15, 2007 with the Bali Action Plan that contains the time and structured negotiations post-2012 framework (Protocol replacement Kyoto).

While Climate Change Summit at the fourteenth degree in Poznań, Poland, where the delegates agreed on the principles of financing for funds to help poor countries cope with climate change impacts, while the Climate Change Summit 15th will be held in Copenhagen in December 2009 Danish.

Climate Change Summit 15th with the main agenda to establish an ambitious global climate agreement for the period from 2012 when the first commitment period under the Kyoto Protocol expires